Sometimes logical fallacies are intentionally used to try and win a debate. “I’ve got insoles in. These errors are errors of induction. 5 Smiles all round. A munge of two things: rhetorical techniques and logical fallacies. 384 Words2 Pages. Imagine a large grizzly bear is terrorizing your neighborhood. For example, a person using an appeal to emotion in a debate might encourage the audience to ignore certain, by trying to make the audience angry at. 1 Just a waitress. The logical fallacies listed here are the ones most. Inexperienced people look at these things, as it were, from a distance; so to them the embellishments. A simple obvious example of such fallacy is to argue that unicorns exist because there is no evidence against such a claim. Fallacies of definition are the various ways in which definitions can fail to explain terms. Fallacies of Relevance and Fallacies of Ambiguity. 4 These are specific patterns of deceptively convincing but false reasoning, called fallacies. FALLACY definition: A fallacy is an idea which many people believe to be true , but which is in fact false. In the dark, Billy had gone to cut a slice of meat. Fallacies are, in the words of author Dorothy Seyler, “arguments that don’t work” (142). The ten most common fallacies. 04-20-2018 08:03 AM. They can lead you to lose your credibility as a writer if given in a formal argument, so be wary of them. 4. Fallacy: Attack on the person. It gets us through the long days and nights, and we'll sometimes get creative in our chores to change things up. Some teenagers in our community recently vandalized the park downtown. Although fallacious reasoning may initially seem sound, examining it more closely reveals that there is a. Yes, legions of criminals have committed crimes using fiat currency. Informal fallacies are expressed in natural language. Fallacies are everywhere. Finally, if you want a simple process to counter the logical fallacies and cognitive biases you encounter in life, then follow this 7-step process to develop the critical thinking skills habit. Informal fallacies are errors other than violations of the rules of formal logic. The Straw. The Strawman Fallacy. falsies definition: 1. 15. , ‘Either you are 100% Simon Straightarrow or you are as queer as a three dollar bill–it’s as simple as that and there’s no middle ground!’. " You might as well go ahead and have holy beads, holy bells, and holy water as to have Easter. These tricks deceive your audience with their style, drama, or pattern, but add little to your speech in terms of substance and can actually detract from your effectiveness. That sounds nice, but not all of them like to do things like that, according to businessinsider. How to use fallacy in a sentence. References. Achieving Culture Change in Your Organization. The fallacy of composition can arise when we expect more (or less) from the whole than the individual parts can deliver. Sometimes, writers will purposefully use logical fallacies to make an argument seem more persuasive or valid than it really is. Consider the following statements: "I cannot get a job because the public education system failed. A logical fallacy is a flaw in reasoning or a flawed structure that undermines the validity of an argument. Learn more. ) The book is marketed as a “Christian view of logic” because it does not have a politically. It’s a shame that the first genuinely bad episode of Better Call Saul is also the one featuring a fun cameo from comedic legend Carol Burnett, but here we are. This newfangled retort of Whataboutism is a flawed pivot and anemic argument form. Share this Article. Division: Presuming that what is true of the whole must be true of some or all of the parts. 3. The Straw. We would like to show you a description here but the site won’t allow us. Appeal to Pity Examples. Logical fallacies are errors in reasoning that are based on poor or faulty logic. Verbal fallacies may be placed in either formal or informal classifications: Compare equivocation , which is a word- or phrase-based ambiguity , to the fallacy of composition , which is premise- and inference-based ambiguity. 38. fallacy翻译:谬见,谬论。了解更多。Fallacies of Reasoning. For many decades, we have relied on broadcast news organizations to filter, edit, and fact-check the information they share with us. This is not a false dichotomy because it presents the only two logical possibilities. He then points at the bullet-riddled target as evidence of his expert sniper. construction of fallacies to the pursuit of human interests and irrational desires. Logical fallacies are found in many places—ads, politics, movies. is a 501 (c) (3) public charity and contributions are tax deductible. 1. 10. Fallacious arguments may oversimplify, fail to provide adequate evidence, make jumps in logic, or divert attention. At first sight it seems that many theories that we describe as scientific involve such a fallacy. With certain other fallacies, like the red herring and ad hominem fallacies, a claim can be both true and fallacious. Recognize Flawed Reasoning. Here are three common logical fallacies: Confirmation bias; Strawman argument; Vicious circle; Let’s talk about them in more detail. Ambiguity fallacies: Such fallacies employ unclear or equivocal terms or propositions, so that it becomes impossible to grasp a precise sense of what is being argued for. After a flight attendant has been working with one company for a while, they’re usually able to request that they go on certain trips. Logical fallacies are often used by politicians and the media to fool people because. They are often studied in psychology, sociology and behavioral economics. Common Logical Fallacies: Spot and Debunk Misleading Arguments Logical fallacies can greatly undermine the strength of your arguments, even if they sound convincing at first. Logical fallacies are errors in reasoning that are based on poor or faulty logic. Audio CD. All formal fallacies are errors in deductive reasoning that render an argument invalid. The ad hominem logical fallacy, like other logical fallacies, often shows up in writing where the author is attempting to make or defend a contentious point. A bad proof can be a false comparison. Terms in this set (7) errors in human inquiry. 1) All scripture is equally inspired. They may seem convincing at first, but under closer examination, their underlying assumptions don’t hold up. Having an understanding of primary logical fallacies may help you extra confidently parse the arguments and claims you take part in and witness each day — separating reality from sharply dressed fiction. List of fallacies. Image/pexels. This reasoning is used often in advertising. Logical fallacies are divided into two main types. Logos is an argument that appeals to logic. The false dilemma fallacy involves presenting a limited number of options as if they were the only options available. These fallacies happen when the writer focuses on who is the source of the idea. And in doing so, they're more persuasive: If they sound like they know what they're talking about, we're more likely to believe them, even if their stance doesn't make complete logical sense. Politicians, media, and silver tongued deceivers will often use them in sneaky ways. The post hoc fallacy occurs when we draw a causal conclusion without sufficient evidence to support it. Fallacies are not errors. variable noun. You claimed that a compromise, or middle point, between two extremes must be the truth. Logical fallacies are errors of reasoning—specific ways in which arguments fall apart due to faulty connection making. To spot a logical fallacy, you first need to know what it is. Specific types of errors that can occur in logic are referred to as logical fallacies. Let’s look at 5 fallacies and examples-Finally, if you want a simple process to counter the logical fallacies and cognitive biases you encounter in life, then follow this 7-step process to develop the critical thinking skills habit. Begging the question or circular reasoning 3. The following incorrect argument is an example of a formal fallacy: Since only seniors have their pictures in the book, and since John is a senior, then John's picture is in the book. Finding the Cause of a Problem. As nouns the difference between fallacy and lie is that fallacy is deceptive or. In contrast, informal fallacies are those which cannot be identified without understanding the concepts involved in the argument. 33 4 New from $30. Before you begin, discharge your iPhone battery below 25%. fallacies comprised oversimplification (41), straw man fallacy (36) irrelevant conclusion (24), hasty generalization (8), begging the question (1), and d hominem fallacy (1). House cats must also be ruthless killers. S. This fallacy gets its colorful name from an anecdote about a Texan who fires sein gun on ampere barn wall, and then proceeds to paint a target around the closest cluster von bullet holes. The Genetic Fallacy takes many forms. ›. Hasty generalization. We assumed that the ability to. We take these up in turn. Oftentimes, correlations happen by coincidence or outside forces. Fallacies weaken arguments and in doing so, weaken the overall strength of your paragraph or assignment. The writer needs to ensure that every premise and piece of evidence presented fits seamlessly into the whole, smoothly leading the reader to the desired conclusion. 2. An ad hominem fallacy involves a personal attack in order to discredit the opponent's position. It can also be a bad example that just isn’t relevant. Enable High Contrast Disable High Contrast; English: Select a language. For example: “Raising interest rates by 3% MUST be in the best interests of the economy because the PM said so yesterday on the 9 o/clock news”. Common Logical fallacies. But some invariably. “Either or” fallacy/false dilemma: Claiming that “either” proposition A or B is true when a third option is possible. His writing considers the politics of immigration and migration from both an academic and a personal lens. Lee's views on Japanese culture are wrong. When we exegete Scripture, the implication is that we are using a method of hermeneutic that values understanding the authorial intent of the passage in order to derive its true meaning (often called "authorial intent hermeneutic" or. What is a Non-Sequiter? Focuses on a conclusion does not follow from the premises; the conclusion could be either true or false, but the argument is fallacious because there is a disconnection between the premise and the conclusion; all invalid arguments are special. This page titled 2. WHAT THIS HANDOUT IS ABOUT This handout discusses common logical fallacies that you may encounter in your own writing or the writing of others. Just because two things regularly occur together does not mean one causes the other. Constructing and supporting an argument is a challenging task. 4. The bandwagon fallacy. Here are some of the most common fallacies to be. ”. For instance, a firm may use its expertise in a field to falsely claim it has expertise in another. The reasoner uses relevant premises, but the evidence contained therein is weak or defective in some way. Logical Fallacies. The Greek philosopher classified them as verbal and non-verbal or relating to things. Types of Fallacies. Below is a list of informal fallacies, divided into four main categories: fallacies of irrelevance, presumption, ambiguity, and inconsistency. Also called the Bandwagon Fallacy, as people “jump on the bandwagon” of a perceived popular view. fallacies in reasoning. Fallacies of the second category occur in those cases in which a word, phrase, or passage has no clear meaning . An argument in academic writing is essentially a conclusion or claim, with assumptions or reasons to support that. lawman known as the man who killed Billy the Kid. Correlation Is Not Causation. Much of the time the truth does indeed lie between two extreme points, but this can bias our thinking: sometimes a thing is simply untrue and a compromise of it is also untrue. Crimes Committed With Fiat are Far Worse Than Crime With Crypto. 3. $44. Fallacious arguments may oversimplify, fail to provide adequate evidence, make jumps in logic, or divert attention from the real issues. The appeal to emotion is a logical fallacy that involves manipulating people’s emotions to strengthen their support for the conclusion of an unsound argument (e. Fallacies that rely on premises irrelevant to the truth of the conclusion. One of the possibilities presented must be true and they cannot both be true at the same time. This is sometimes referred to as the "Fallacy of the Excluded Middle" because it can occur as a misapplication of the Law of the Excluded Middle. FALLACY definition: 1. thick soft pieces of material that can be worn inside a woman's clothing to make her breasts…. It means against the person; it refers to an attack on the person rather than on argument. Logical fallacies can be intentional or unintentional, and they can be committed by. Fallacies What this handout is about This handout discusses common logical fallacies that you may encounter in your own writing or the writing of others. We assumed that the ability to identify informal fallacies can be trained and that this ability enables individuals to better distinguish between fake news and real news. Pat Garrett, Western U. In classical logic, an argument is sound only if all of its premises are true and the argument is valid. People who use this fallacy make conclusions based on unproven evidence and research. Fallacies marked by an * are. ”. Here are some typical marketing fallacies and examples of each. One example of a logical fallacy is the ad hominem fallacy, which is a fallacy that occurs when someone attacks the source of an argument directly, without addressing the argument itself. About This Quiz & Worksheet. Fallacies of pathos rely excessively upon emotional appeals, attaching positive associations to the author’s argument and negative ones to his opponent’s position. This year is the 200th anniversary. Hasty Generalization: making assumptions about a whole group or range of cases based on a sample that is inadequate (usually because it is atypical or just too small). Both are used heavily by institutional powers – governments, religions, political parties – across the entire spectrum to sway opinion, confuse and obfuscate. The. org. Both bias and fallacies are types of errors, but a bias is a pattern of making a similar error, and fallacies are errors that apply to a given argument. Some Common Fallacies: 1. The attack is irrelevant to the case or topic. Archives. Nas Lewis, a flight attendant, said. Logical fallacies are divided into two main types. In reality, emergencies amplify existing issues. 6. Weak arguments tend to use logical fallacies to make them appear stronger. For example: Either the butler did it, or the witness for the defense is lying. For example, ad hominem is a common logical fallacy in which the person. 19, 2023 /PRNewswire/ -- Social Justice Fallacies is a book of documented facts that contradict most of the claims that are central to the. Fallacies of weak induction occur when the argument being presented just doesn’t give strong enough reasons to accept the conclusion. The Bandwagon. Logical fallacies can also be used as a source of humor. Exemple: Si Aristòtil no hagués dit el contrari, hauria creure el que estic veient. 1. The list of logical fallacies What follows is not a comprehensive list of all the known logical fallacies. ForceFallacies of emotion are usually found in grant proposals or public scholarship, such as reports to funders, policy makers, employers, journalists, and the public. Spend time studying various types of fallacies. Ethical fallacies- Unreasonably advance the writer’s authority or character 3. You are called by the Lord to be a success, to enjoy wealth, to enjoy health, and to enjoy a life of victory. In lang=en terms the difference between fallacy and lie is that fallacy is an argument, or apparent argument, which professes to be decisive of the matter at issue, while in reality it is not. ) Quiz 4: Chapter 4 Quiz (Socratic Method) Socratic Method Quiz (Ch. In these cases, they're often presented by the speaker with a certain level of confidence. At the end of the day, they work against the persuasive strategies and leave your audience not convinced of your argument. Not simply name-calling, this argument suggests that the argument is flawed because of its source. , Sept. Jane: “Mmm, I think your mom more. 3. We’ll examine and name several different types of fallacies in each category, with an emphasis on practical examples – and what it means to push back against fallacious thinking by using comparable examples . The phrase is used to suggest an analogy with an informal fallacy. Definitions may fail to have merit, because they: are overly broad, use obscure or ambiguous language, or contain circular reasoning; those are called fallacies of definition. Informal: Informal fallacies are arguments that have irrelevant or incorrect premises. 1 of 5 Figuring Out Fallacies and Fake News With the recent prevalence of “fake news,” being able to identify the validity of an argument has become essential to understanding the world in our daily lives. Through meticulous research, he debunks widely-held beliefs by presenting documented facts that often run counter to mainstream narratives. Definition of Logical Fallacies. Did you know? Evaluate the quality of inductive, deductive, and causal reasoning. The final reason investing in gold simply isn't a wise idea is its extreme inefficiency. They soon forget them. They don't necessarily mean that one thing is directly causing the other. Think Again: How to Avoid Fallacies will show how to identify and avoid many of the fallacies that people use to get us to think the way they want us to think. It means against the person; it refers to an attack on the person rather than on argument. At the same time, you should watch out for others arguing for or against your stand using logical fallacies. One's emotions have nothing to do with the correctness of an idea or the value of. You can find a list of fallacies with examples here on chapter3min. 6. Although logical fallacies are used within many types of arguments, the ability to recognize them can help people avoid understanding or agreeing to something based on erroneous logic and fallacious reasoning. In terms of information shared via social media, we are. Appeal to false authority: using the opinion of an authority figure, or institution of authority, in place of an actual argument, especially when the person or. Logical Fallacies Handlist: Fallacies are statements that might sound reasonable or superficially true but are actually flawed or dishonest. And in an argument, it is important to understand some of the most commonly used types and be able to spot them. S. If you are arguing, avoid fallacies of thought because they create weaknesses in an argument. For. Type of service. Carrots are an excellent source of vitamin A, broccoli is rich in iron, and oranges and grapefruits have lots of Vitamin C. In ancient Greece, Aristotle classified fallacies into two categories – linguistic and non-linguistic. tion (last visited Mar. My burp is a. Quite the opposite is true. In formal fallacies, there's a problem with how you structure your argument, and how you're making your points. Coherence fallacy. Earlier we discussed the process of building an argument with claims and evidence and how warrants are the underlying justifications that connect the two. This guide looks at the fallacies – mostly the logical type – that you are likely to come across both in the written work you do yourself and in the work of other people. When readers detect them, these logical fallacies backfire by making the audience think the writer is (a) unintelligent or (b) deceptive. Baking powder must be delicious. Both are fallacies of relevance, and both operate by introducing an irrelevant point to the discussion. A non-sequitur occurs when an argument’s conclusion does not logically follow from its premises. Strawman 11. Taking logical fallacies at face value can lead you to make poor decisions based on unsound arguments. . Power off your iPhone before beginning disassembly. Since it is a physical asset that people have a tendency to hoard, there are storage. Problem Solving. Fallacies are often the last effort of uninformed or ill-prepared speakers who find that they have nothing better to say. Logical fallacies are divided into three categories: 1. A false dilemma can mislead readers or listeners and give them an unrealistic view of the scenario being presented. By recognizing the fallacies below, you can avoid using them in your arguments and catch them while reading other’s arguments. When there are two propositions, and you can demonstrate that either one or. Flight attendants, in general, are people pleasers and like to make the passengers happy, even. jccook1970. Post hoc fallacies are committed when one argues that because B happened immediately after A, A. This reasoning is used often in advertising. 1 Fallacies of Relevance • A statement is RELEVANT to another statement if it provides at least some reason for thinking that the second statement is true or false. The difference is that while the appeal to pity attempts to garner sympathy or pity from listeners, the red herring fallacy attempts to compare the discussion topic to something else, trying to sidetrack the audience onto a different discussion. Logic can help prove your point and disprove your opponent’s point—and perhaps change a. It claims that (at least) one or the other of two alternatives is the case. 15 Common Logical Fallacies. Each one comes with an explanation so that you may be able to see them at work for yourself. The ad hominem is one of the most common logical fallacies. Historical Errors in the Bible. 3. that fallacies are a counterfeit of legitimate reasoning. In this instant New York Times bestseller, renowned economist Thomas Sowell demolishes the myths that underpin the social justice movement. Writer level. But this argument ignores the fact that the print pornography industry alone earns more money each year than the. A fallacy is an unconscious lie. Transfer fallacy. Gold is inefficient. Continuing with the list of fallacies in advertising, this effect happens when one uses one trait of a thing or a person to make an overall judgment of that thing/person. Identifying fallacies is one way to assess the legitimacy of an argument. By recognizing the fallacies below, you can avoid using them in your arguments and catch them while reading other’s arguments. A false dilemma, also referred to as false dichotomy or false binary, is an informal fallacy based on a premise that erroneously limits what options are available. Information that I saw online about COVID-19 disease causing sterility in the summer was removed. There are two main types of logical fallacies: formal fallacies, which have flaws in their structure, and informal fallacies, which have. This is an idea that has its origin with Aristotle. ”. A world with clear reasoning is a world worth living in. Fallacies of Logic (Logos) Post hoc ergo propter hoc -- After, therefore because of. They are based upon common statements that are made within Christianity; whether in the context of a sermon, book, theologian, or conversation. For example, when a journalist asked a question to a politician, the politician, instead of. A story or anecdote adds flavor to your writing** and makes it more relatable and palatable to readers. Atai and Nasseri (2010) conducted a similar study which sought to examine the frequency of informal fallacies of argumentation in Iranian EFL learners. Some people are beautiful thanks to their beauty, while others merely seem to be so, due to their efforts to embellish themselves. Some logical fallacies are more common than others. STANFORD, Calif. ”. Many fallacies exist. You may think that opinions are to be avoided in academic articles and academic writing. Arguments Most academic writing tasks require you to make an argument—that is, to present reasons for a ad ignorantiam (appeal to ignorance) The truth of a claim is established only on the basis of lack of evidence against it. Logical fallacies make an argument weak by using mistaken beliefs/ideas, invalid arguments, illogical arguments, and/or deceptiveness. Fallacies are everywhere. g. You cannot negate the truth of one passage by appealling to another passage. Through time we have reclassified fallacies using various typologies and criteria. The following is a list of some of the most common fallacies used by Muslims. In contrast, informal fallacies are those which cannot be identified without understanding the concepts involved in the argument. "); Fallacies of Presumption, PHIL. Last year, when a late-arriving passenger got on an overbooked flight, Lewis, who has flown for seven years, scouted for a. The bandwagon fallacy is essentially this but using it as a means of gaining support and credibility. EDITLogical Fallacies Lesson Ideas. Then, construct an argument as to how the logical fallacyAdvertisement. A fallacy of logos that falsely offers only two possible options even though a broad range of possible alternatives, variations, and combinations are always readily available. The book explains fallacies, like a red herring, as well as propaganda techniques. Here is a list of 8 of the most common that you may come across. A paradigm example of an informal fallacy is the fallacy of composition. Fallacies First published Fri May 29, 2015; substantive revision Thu Apr 2, 2020 Two competing conceptions of fallacies are that they are false but popular beliefs and that they are deceptively bad arguments. The bandwagon fallacy is another addition to this list of types of logical fallacies. Logical fallacies, in simple terms, are errors or mistakes in our reasoning. One may be led to think there may even. Logical fallacies are deceptive or false arguments that use faulty reasoning to shift the direction of a discussion away from the main point. Logical fallacies are often used by politicians and the media to fool people because they have the deceptive appearance of being reasonable despite. These tips and tricks can offer all of this quickly and discretely to the eyes of an untrained audience. Identify common fallacies of reasoning. The Bandwagon Fallacy is when someone concludes that something is true or good simply because it is popular. In other words, the claims are. As you write, be careful to avoid logic fallacies and ideological reasoning that would undermine the focus of your topic. Hasty Generalization 4. Ad Hominem Fallacy. Logical fallacies are often used to manipulate people into accepting an argument that is not based on sound reasoning. Persuasive speakers should be concerned with what strengthens and weakens an argument. EXAMPLE: If we require background checks for the sale of all guns, including private sales at gun shows, it will lead to the federal. [1] Although the reality of most of these biases is confirmed by reproducible research, [2] [3] there are often controversies about how to classify. A fallacy is a failure in reasoning which results in an unsound argument. Halo effect. They can also render your emotional appeals ineffective. Know how to avoid one in your next argument with logical fallacy examples. informal fallacies we will be analyzing will be weak in the reasoning, and we need not waste time and intellectual effort worrying whether the premises are true or fair. an idea that a lot of people think is true but is in fact false: 2. They soon forget them. Informal fallacies are deceptively bad arguments that may not be formally invalid. Explain common logical fallacies. Updated on February 05, 2020. We'll define each fallacy, and give you examples of logical f. The Kid was convicted and sentenced to hang, but the following April, he made an audacious escape from prison—and killed. (This adult even learned about a post hoc ergo propter hoc. In the Evolution vs. Specifically, this is a claim that a policy which takes a small step in one direction will lead to a chain of events that will result in drastic change. Fallacies are, in the words of author Dorothy Seyler, “arguments that don’t work” (142). You need to be able to spot flawed arguments to be able to effectively evaluate secondary sources and. Middle ground. There are many ways to classify them, but generally the most commonly used classification is the formal and informal categorization. The Strawman Fallacy. A fallacy, also known as paralogia in modern psychology, is the use of invalid or otherwise faulty reasoning in the construction of an argument [1] [2] that may appear to be well. Logical fallacies are errors in reasoning that lead people to wrong conclusions. [14] [4] [9] It uses an appeal to the beliefs, tastes, or values of a group of people, [12] stating that because a certain opinion or attitude is held by a. Like lateral reading and identifying fake news, identifying logical fallacies is another method we can use to determine whether online information is valid. 1: Logical Fallacies - Formal and Informal is shared under a CC BY. A fallacy is an idea which many people believe to be true, but which is in fact false because it is based on incorrect information or reasoning. Non-Sequitur (It Does Not Follow) Non-Sequitur, which means “it does not follow,” is one of the 15 logical fallacies to know. Relevance fallacies: Fallacies of this kind do not present relevant information, or present irrelevant information for the conclusion. One way to go about evaluating an argument for fallacies is to return to the concept of the three types of support for claims: ethos, logos, and pathos. Examine these common fallacies in advertising to better understand how they work in. This is the overall conclusion. In the Sophistical Refutations Aristotle spends quite a bit of time explaining that sophistical reasoning mimics good reasoning, i. The basics on logical fallacies. When you evaluate an argument for logical fallacies, you consider what elements of the argument, if any, would cause an audience to believe that the argument is illogical or inappropriately manipulative. What is a Non-Sequiter? Focuses on a conclusion does not follow from the premises; the conclusion could be either true or false, but the argument is fallacious because there is a disconnection between the premise and the conclusion; all invalid arguments are special. Examples: In politics, decorating a stage with red, white,. Mehta was raised in Mumbai,. Fallacies of relevance are a group of fallacies that occur in arguments when the premises are logically irrelevant to the conclusion. In December 1880, he had brought in the infamous outlaw Billy the Kid on charges of murdering a former county sheriff. Examine this concept through examples of philosophical fallacies that commonly appear in argumentation. Although logical fallacies are used within many types of arguments, the ability to recognize them can help people avoid understanding or agreeing to something based on erroneous logic and fallacious reasoning. Most flight attendants have a good sense of humor. The equivocation fallacy involves using an ambiguous word or phrase whose meaning changes throughout the argument. For example, when a journalist asked a question to a politician, the politician, instead of. People who commit this fallacy accept a premise or. Sometimes, however, writers make claims that are not supported by their evidence. A charged lithium-ion battery can catch fire and/or explode if accidentally punctured. This is a list of well-known fallacies. In this module, we will be concerned with a second kind of compound sentence; it’s called a disjunction. 日本語 Deutsch ; English. Casual: Casual fallacies are arguments which have irrelevant or incorrect premises. Categorical, verbal, and material fallacies can all occur during an argument, so it’s important to.